Individual entrepreneurial orientation role in shaping reactions to new technologies

Significant progress has been made over the last two decades in explaining and predicting user acceptance of novel technologies at work. Although knowledge voids remain, substantial theoretical and empirical support has accumulated in favor of the powerful and parsimonious explanation provided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). One factor that may be related to the adoption of new technologies, but has remained unexplored in the TAM literature, is the proclivity to behave entrepreneurially, known nominally as individual entrepreneurial orientation. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of individual entrepreneurial orientation in facilitating technology adoption under mandated conditions. Predictions are tested using survey data collected from knowledge workers required to use a new technology. Research directions and limitations are discussed.     

INFORMED TRADING RISK AND BID-ASK SPREAD CHANGES AROUND OPEN MARKET STOCK REPURCHASES IN THE NASDAQ MARKET

Microstructure theory contends that dealers' bid-ask spreads should vary intertemporally with changes in the asymmetric information component of the spread. Corporate theory suggests that stock repurchase announcements signal management's private information to the securities markets. An examination of dealers' spread behavior around firms' open market repurchases in the NASDAQ market reveals a decline in spreads adjusted for dealers' inventory-holding and order-processing costs. This decline is attributed to a reduction in informed trading risk associated with the open market repurchase announcements.     

Empirical evidence on the effects of delisting from the National Market System

This study analyzes empirical evidence related to changes in market value and liquidity characteristics of stocks, which are delisted from the National Market System (NMS) due to an elevation of NMS listing standards. Our results are thus relatively independent of the financial conditions of the firms prior to delisting. We document significant increase in bid-ask spreads and decrease in trading volume after delisting. A significant negative stock price reaction around the delisting announcement period is also observed. Both sets of findings suggest that delisting from NMS increases a firm’s cost of capital by adversely affecting the liquidity of its stock. (JEL: G14)     

Long Range Dependence in the Indian Stock Market: Evidence of Fractional Integration,Non-Linearities and Breaks

This paper deals with the analysis of the Indian stock market prices using long range dependence techniques. In particular, we employ a variety of fractionally integrated models, which are very general in the sense that it allows us to incorporate structural breaks and non-linear structures. Our results indicate that the series corresponding to the NSE index is nonstationary and highly persistent, with an order of integration close to or above 1. The volatility, measured in terms of the squared returns indicates that the series is long memory, with an order of integration in the interval (0, 0.5). The results finally support the existence of a mean shift in the data at about January 2008, with the order of integration being around 1. Thus the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) may be satisfied in the Indian stock market once a break is taken into account. However, the existence of short run dynamics suggests a degree of predictability in its behaviour.

     

Price movement and trade size on the National Stock Exchange of India

Using data for the National Stock Exchange of India, we examine three hypotheses about which trades move prices. The Stealth Trading Hypothesis proposes that cumulative price changes (CPCs) are concentrated in particular trade sizes due to the strategic trading of informed traders. We find that depending on market conditions, from 60% to 80% of the CPC is concentrated in small trade sizes, with almost all of the remaining price change concentrated in medium trade sizes. These results support the Stealth Trading Hypothesis.     

Seasonals,price adjustment delays and estimated systematic risk

This article analyzed potential interactions between seasonals and price adjustment delays on estimated systematic risk. It was shown that seasonals in unobservable true security returns can induce inconsistencies into the generalized Scholes and Williams estimator of systematic risk. An alternative estimator was proposed that is consistent in the presence of seasonals in the unobservable true returns. The direction of induced bias is unpredictable a priori, thereby representing a potentially important research consideration in market efficiency tests using abnormal returns. NASDAQ and Dow Jones 30 Industrial return data for the period 1983–87 were used to evaluate the proposed estimator against the OLS and generalized Scholes and Williams (GSW) alternatives. The absolute difference between the GSW and our estimator, that is the seasonal-induced bias, for NASDAQ stocks was negatively correlated with market capitalization. Moreover, seasonal-induced bias was larger for NASDAQ stocks than more highly capitalized Dow stocks. These empirical findings indicate that seasonals and price adjustment delays can interact to bias estimated systematic risk, where price adjustment delays would be projected to be more acute for smaller capitalization stocks.     

DEALER BID-ASK SPREADS AND OPTIONS TRADING ON OVER-THE-COUNTER STOCKS

In this study the impact of option listings on bid-ask spreads for over-the-counter stocks is examined. Option listings are hypothesized to impact spreads by affecting the inventory-holding cost and/or the informed risk component of spreads. Univariate tests reveal that the commencement of options trading is accompanied by a statistically significant decline in percentage spreads. In addition, it is found that there is a significant rise in the average daily stock trading volume in the post-option-listing period, while there is no significant change in variance of the underlying stock returns in the short term. Regression results indicate that some stocks experience a decline in spreads even after controlling for changes in inventory-holding costs. The univariate and regression results taken in conjunction indicate a favorable impact of option listings on both the inventory-holding cost and informed-trading risk components of spread determinants. The combined evidence suggests that initiation of options trading enhances the overall liquidity of the underlying stock.     

Mean Reversion in Agricultural Commodity Prices in India

This paper deals with the analysis of several commodity prices in India using an approach based on fractional integration and focusing on the degree of persistence of the series. We examine seven agricultural prices: rice, wheat, maize, bajra, jowar, black gram and arhar. The results can be summarized as follows: in five of the series examined (rice, wheat, maize, bajra and jowar) we find evidence of mean reversion with the effect of the shocks disappearing in the long run. On the contrary, in two of the series (black gram and arhar) we cannot reject the null of a unit root with the implication that shocks have a permanent nature. Thus, in the event of a negative shock, strong measures must be adopted in these two series since the effect of the shocks will persist forever.     

Indian stock market reaction to international cross-listing： Evidence from Depository Receipts

The present study investigates the impact of cross listing of ADRs on the Indian stock market for the period June 2004 to July 2009. Average abnormal returns and cumulative average abnormal returns are calculated for the [-25, ＋25] event window, with the ADR listing date being the event date. The result indicates a significant negative abnormal local market return on the ADR listing day. Six out of nine companies shows increased volatility of local returns after the cross listing. We can conclude that ADR listings have no tangible benefit impact to the local shareholders.